Return of Reckoning

I got the message from the bot followed the link and gave it my verification code, but the server still wants me to verify with my phone number. Due to discords frequent data leaks I wont use my phone number to verify.

This is usually solved by messaging a mod and asking them to manually verify me, but all mods for the discord have private messaging turned off.

Is there any way to do this without my phone number or will I just not be able to speak on discord?

Ping me on Discord. And if Discord is telling you that everyone has private messaging from un-friended accounts turned off, that is your setting. This setting is a two-way street, so make sure your own setting for this is disabled.